The basic things you are after are alkalinity and hardness. These are easy to test and several manufacturers make kits for them including kits for the swimming pool and hobby aquarium markets. These are easy to find. The hardness test should distinguish between calcium hardness and magnesium hardness. This does not complicate things much but does add cost to the kit.
Hach has a line of kits including hardness kits that distinguish the two types and alkalinity kits. They are fairly expensive but do a hundred tests or so. If your water is quite variable then you need to test frequently - before each brew if it is bad enough - unless you go to RO or simply adjust the water to mash pH using acid for each brew. This is, of course, exactly what yoy do when you measure alkalinity with a kit (except that you stop at mash pH).
If you think you are going to do this reguarly and want more accurate ressults then consider the Hach Digital Titrator. One is illustrated in the last picture at
http://wetnewf.org/pdfs/measuring-alkalinity.html (which article you might find interesting other wise as well). The titrator can also be used to measure chloride and the alaklinity/acidity of malts too.